129 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
129 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Linuxにおけるフォーマット
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author: kazu634
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date: 2009-04-25
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url: /2009/04/25/_1232/
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wordtwit_post_info:
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- 'O:8:"stdClass":13:{s:6:"manual";b:0;s:11:"tweet_times";i:1;s:5:"delay";i:0;s:7:"enabled";i:1;s:10:"separation";s:2:"60";s:7:"version";s:3:"3.7";s:14:"tweet_template";b:0;s:6:"status";i:2;s:6:"result";a:0:{}s:13:"tweet_counter";i:2;s:13:"tweet_log_ids";a:1:{i:0;i:4569;}s:9:"hash_tags";a:0:{}s:8:"accounts";a:1:{i:0;s:7:"kazu634";}}'
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categories:
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- linux
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---
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<div class="section">
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<p>
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Linuxでのフォーマットの仕方を忘れがちで何度もGoogleのお世話になっているので、ここでまとめておきます。
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</p>
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<h4>
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パーティションの切り方
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</h4>
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<p>
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fdiskコマンドを用います。
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</p>
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<pre class="syntax-highlight">
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kazu634@srv634% df /media/disk <span class="synStatement">[</span><span class="synConstant">951</span><span class="synStatement">]</span>
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Filesystem 1K-ブロック 使用 使用可 使用% マウント位置
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/dev/mapper/srv634-root
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<span class="synConstant">329233</span> <span class="synConstant">138796</span> <span class="synConstant">173439</span> <span class="synConstant">45</span>% /
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tmpfs <span class="synConstant">513816</span> <span class="synConstant"></span> <span class="synConstant">513816</span> <span class="synConstant"></span>% /lib/init/rw
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udev <span class="synConstant">10240</span> <span class="synConstant">100</span> <span class="synConstant">10140</span> <span class="synConstant">1</span>% /dev
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tmpfs <span class="synConstant">513816</span> <span class="synConstant"></span> <span class="synConstant">513816</span> <span class="synConstant"></span>% /dev/shm
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/dev/sda1 <span class="synConstant">233335</span> <span class="synConstant">32653</span> <span class="synConstant">188234</span> <span class="synConstant">15</span>% /boot
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/dev/mapper/srv634-home
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<span class="synConstant">142568216</span> <span class="synConstant">294068</span> <span class="synConstant">135032012</span> <span class="synConstant">1</span>% /home
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/dev/mapper/srv634-tmp
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<span class="synConstant">376807</span> <span class="synConstant">10307</span> <span class="synConstant">347044</span> <span class="synConstant">3</span>% /tmp
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/dev/mapper/srv634-usr
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<span class="synConstant">4805760</span> <span class="synConstant">2526672</span> <span class="synConstant">2034968</span> <span class="synConstant">56</span>% /usr
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/dev/mapper/srv634-var
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<span class="synConstant">2882592</span> <span class="synConstant">1217136</span> <span class="synConstant">1519024</span> <span class="synConstant">45</span>% /var
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/dev/sdb1 <span class="synConstant">964500</span> <span class="synConstant">17696</span> <span class="synConstant">897808</span> <span class="synConstant">2</span>% /var/backup_data
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/dev/sdc1 <span class="synConstant">2010752</span> <span class="synConstant">265440</span> <span class="synConstant">1745312</span> <span class="synConstant">14</span>% /media/disk
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kazu634@srv634% fdish /dev/sdc1 /media/disk <span class="synStatement">[</span><span class="synConstant">952</span><span class="synStatement">]</span>
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zsh: command not found: fdish
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kazu634@srv634% sudo fdisk /dev/sdc1 /media/disk <span class="synStatement">[</span><span class="synConstant">953</span><span class="synStatement">]</span>
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<span class="synStatement">[</span>sudo<span class="synStatement">]</span> password <span class="synStatement">for</span> kazu634:
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Command <span class="synStatement">(</span>m <span class="synStatement">for</span> <span class="synStatement">help</span>): m
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Command action
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a toggle a bootable flag
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b edit bsd disklabel
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c toggle the dos compatibility flag
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d delete a partition
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l list known partition types
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m <span class="synStatement">print</span> this menu
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n add a new partition
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o create a new empty DOS partition table
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p <span class="synStatement">print</span> the partition table
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q quit without saving changes
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s create a new empty Sun disklabel
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t change a partition<span class="synStatement">'</span><span class="synConstant">s system id</span>
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<span class="synConstant"> u change display/entry units</span>
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<span class="synConstant"> v verify the partition table</span>
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<span class="synConstant"> w write table to disk and exit</span>
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<span class="synConstant"> x extra functionality (experts only)</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Command (m for help): p</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Disk /dev/sdc1: 2059 MB, 2059278848 bytes</span>
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<span class="synConstant">64 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1013 cylinders</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Units = cylinders of 3968 * 512 = 2031616 bytes</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Disk identifier: 0x00000000</span>
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<span class="synConstant"> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Command (m for help): n</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Command action</span>
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<span class="synConstant"> e extended</span>
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<span class="synConstant"> p primary partition (1-4)</span>
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<span class="synConstant">p</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Partition number (1-4): 1</span>
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<span class="synConstant">First cylinder (1-1013, default 1): </span>
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<span class="synConstant">Using default value 1</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1013, default 1013): </span>
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<span class="synConstant">Using default value 1013</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Command (m for help): p</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Disk /dev/sdc1: 2059 MB, 2059278848 bytes</span>
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<span class="synConstant">64 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1013 cylinders</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Units = cylinders of 3968 * 512 = 2031616 bytes</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Disk identifier: 0x00000000</span>
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<span class="synConstant"> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System</span>
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<span class="synConstant">/dev/sdc1p1 1 1013 2009761 83 Linux</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Command (m for help): w</span>
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<span class="synConstant">The partition table has been altered!</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.</span>
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<span class="synConstant">WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: </span><span class="synSpecial">無効な引数です</span><span class="synConstant">.</span>
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<span class="synConstant">The kernel still uses the old table.</span>
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<span class="synConstant">The new table will be used at the next reboot.</span>
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<span class="synConstant">Syncing disks.</span>
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</pre>
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<h4>
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フォーマットの仕方
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</h4>
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<p>
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mkfsコマンドを用います。
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</p>
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<pre class="syntax-highlight">
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kazu634@srv634% sudo mkfs <span class="synSpecial">-t</span> ext3 /dev/sdc1 /media <span class="synStatement">[</span><span class="synConstant">959</span><span class="synStatement">]</span>
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<span class="synStatement">[</span>sudo<span class="synStatement">]</span> password <span class="synStatement">for</span> kazu634:
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mke2fs <span class="synConstant">1</span>.<span class="synConstant">41</span>.<span class="synConstant">3</span> <span class="synStatement">(</span><span class="synConstant">12</span>-Oct<span class="synConstant">-2008</span><span class="synStatement">)</span>
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Filesystem <span class="synIdentifier">label</span>=
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OS <span class="synStatement">type</span>: Linux
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Block <span class="synIdentifier">size</span>=<span class="synConstant">4096</span> <span class="synStatement">(</span><span class="synIdentifier">log</span>=<span class="synConstant">2</span><span class="synStatement">)</span>
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Fragment <span class="synIdentifier">size</span>=<span class="synConstant">4096</span> <span class="synStatement">(</span><span class="synIdentifier">log</span>=<span class="synConstant">2</span><span class="synStatement">)</span>
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<span class="synConstant">125696</span> inodes, <span class="synConstant">502753</span> blocks
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<span class="synConstant">25137</span> blocks <span class="synStatement">(</span><span class="synConstant">5</span>.<span class="synConstant">00</span>%<span class="synStatement">)</span> reserved <span class="synStatement">for</span> the super user
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First data <span class="synIdentifier">block</span>=<span class="synConstant"></span>
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Maximum filesystem <span class="synIdentifier">blocks</span>=<span class="synConstant">515899392</span>
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<span class="synConstant">16</span> block groups
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<span class="synConstant">32768</span> blocks per group, <span class="synConstant">32768</span> fragments per group
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<span class="synConstant">7856</span> inodes per group
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Superblock backups stored on blocks:
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<span class="synConstant">32768</span>, <span class="synConstant">98304</span>, <span class="synConstant">163840</span>, <span class="synConstant">229376</span>, <span class="synConstant">294912</span>
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Writing inode tables: done
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Creating journal <span class="synStatement">(</span><span class="synConstant">8192</span> blocks<span class="synStatement">)</span>: done
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Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
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This filesystem will be automatically checked every <span class="synConstant">28</span> mounts or
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<span class="synConstant">180</span> days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs <span class="synStatement">-c</span> or <span class="synStatement">-i</span> to override.
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</pre>
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</div>
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