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---
title: ハッシュの扱い方について
author: kazu634
date: 2009-03-08
wordtwit_post_info:
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categories:
- Perl
---
<div class="section">
<p>
Perlでスクリプトを書いていてはまったので、とりあえず備忘録としてまとめておきます。
</p>
<h4>
ハッシュリファレンス
</h4>
<pre class="syntax-highlight">
<span class="synStatement">my</span> <span class="synIdentifier">%month</span> = (
<span class="synConstant">January </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">1</span>,
<span class="synConstant">Feburary </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">2</span>,
<span class="synConstant">March </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">3</span>,
<span class="synConstant">April </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">4</span>,
<span class="synConstant">May </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">5</span>,
<span class="synConstant">June </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">6</span>,
<span class="synConstant">July </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">7</span>,
<span class="synConstant">August </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">8</span>,
<span class="synConstant">September </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">9</span>,
<span class="synConstant">October </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">10</span>,
<span class="synConstant">November </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">11</span>,
<span class="synConstant">December </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">12</span>,
);
<span class="synComment"># ハッシュリファレンスを$ref_hashに格納</span>
<span class="synStatement">my</span> <span class="synIdentifier">$ref_hash</span> = <span class="synIdentifier">\%month</span>;
<span class="synStatement">print</span>(<span class="synConstant">&#34;reference to month: </span><span class="synIdentifier">$ref_hash</span><span class="synSpecial">\n</span><span class="synConstant">&#34;</span>);
<span class="synComment"># デリファレンスするには%$ref_hashのように表記する</span>
<span class="synStatement">my</span> <span class="synIdentifier">@sorted_key</span> = <span class="synStatement">sort</span> <span class="synStatement">keys</span> <span class="synIdentifier">%$ref_hash</span>;
<span class="synStatement">print</span>(<span class="synConstant">&#34;Sorted key: </span><span class="synIdentifier">@sorted_key</span><span class="synSpecial">\n</span><span class="synConstant">&#34;</span>);
</pre>
<p>
ハッシュリファレンスからのハッシュの要素にアクセスするには次のような方法がある:
</p>
<pre class="syntax-highlight">
- <span class="synIdentifier">$$ref_hash</span>{January}
- <span class="synIdentifier">$ref_hash</span>-&#62;{January}
</pre>
<h4>
無名ハッシュ
</h4>
<p>
無名ハッシュは「{}」で指定してあげる:
</p>
<pre class="syntax-highlight">
<span class="synStatement">my</span> <span class="synIdentifier">$ref_hash</span> = {
<span class="synConstant">January </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">1</span>,
<span class="synConstant">Feburary </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">2</span>,
<span class="synConstant">March </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">3</span>,
<span class="synConstant">April </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">4</span>,
<span class="synConstant">May </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">5</span>,
<span class="synConstant">June </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">6</span>,
<span class="synConstant">July </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">7</span>,
<span class="synConstant">August </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">8</span>,
<span class="synConstant">September </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">9</span>,
<span class="synConstant">October </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">10</span>,
<span class="synConstant">November </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">11</span>,
<span class="synConstant">December </span>=&#62; <span class="synConstant">12</span>,
};
</pre>
<h4>
2次元ハッシュ
</h4>
<p>
こんな感じで書くといい:
</p>
<pre class="syntax-highlight">
<span class="synStatement">while</span> (<span class="synIdentifier">&#60;DATA&#62;</span>) {
<span class="synStatement">chomp</span>;
<span class="synStatement">if</span> (<span class="synStatement">/</span><span class="synConstant">^</span><span class="synSpecial">\[(.*)\]</span><span class="synConstant">$</span><span class="synStatement">/</span>) {
<span class="synIdentifier">$tmp_key</span> = <span class="synIdentifier">$1</span>;
}
<span class="synStatement">elsif</span> (<span class="synStatement">/</span><span class="synConstant">^</span><span class="synSpecial">(.*)</span><span class="synConstant">: </span><span class="synSpecial">(.*)</span><span class="synConstant">$</span><span class="synStatement">/</span>) {
<span class="synIdentifier">$data</span>{<span class="synIdentifier">$tmp_key</span>}{<span class="synIdentifier">$1</span>} = <span class="synIdentifier">$2</span>;
}
}
<span class="synComment"># print Dumper(%data);</span>
}
<span class="synComment">__DATA__</span>
<span class="synComment">[total_income]</span>
<span class="synComment">income: 227706</span>
<span class="synComment">extra_income: 15000</span>
<span class="synComment">[fixed_pay]</span>
<span class="synComment">cell_phone1: 2213</span>
<span class="synComment">cell_phone2: 9750</span>
<span class="synComment">meals: 13230</span>
<span class="synComment">scholarship: 9000</span>
<span class="synComment">provider: 4095</span>
<span class="synComment">[commute]</span>
<span class="synComment">commute: 39890</span>
<span class="synComment">[daily_pay]</span>
<span class="synComment">2/01: 7130</span>
<span class="synComment">2/02: 1044</span>
<span class="synComment">2/03: 1710</span>
<span class="synComment">2/04: 9360</span>
<span class="synComment">2/05: 6810</span>
<span class="synComment">2/06: 1405</span>
<span class="synComment">2/07: 7608</span>
<span class="synComment">2/08: 670</span>
<span class="synComment">2/09: 1374</span>
<span class="synComment">2/10: 3059</span>
<span class="synComment">2/11: 5205</span>
<span class="synComment">2/12: 1470</span>
<span class="synComment">2/13: 750</span>
<span class="synComment">2/14: 407</span>
<span class="synComment">2/15: 2774</span>
<span class="synComment">2/16: 2510</span>
<span class="synComment">2/17: 1320</span>
<span class="synComment">2/18: 1740</span>
<span class="synComment">2/19: 6910</span>
<span class="synComment">2/20: 2837</span>
<span class="synComment">2/21: 7620</span>
<span class="synComment">2/22: 6277</span>
<span class="synComment">2/23: 1730</span>
<span class="synComment">2/24: 2624</span>
<span class="synComment">2/25: 4347</span>
<span class="synComment">2/26: 1299</span>
<span class="synComment">2/27: 987</span>
<span class="synComment">2/28: 4900</span>
</pre>
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